| Stations: |
Precipitation |
| Papa (147 m, Hungary) |
0.1 mm |
| El Hierro Airport (32 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| Gran Canaria Airport (47 m, Spain) |
5.3 mm |
| Tenerife - Sur Reina (77 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| Las Palmas (55 m, Spain) |
1.9 mm |
| Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (10 m, Spain) |
1.9 mm |
| Puerto de la Cruz (31 m, Spain) |
5.6 mm |
| Santa Cruz de Tenerife (36 m, Spain) |
8.6 mm |
| Fuerteventura Airport (30 m, Spain) |
1.2 mm |
| Tenerife - Los Rodeos (617 m, Spain) |
13.0 mm |
| St Cruz / La Palma (31 m, Spain) |
4.5 mm |
| Arrecife (21 m, Spain) |
2.0 mm |
| Funchal (58 m, Portugal) |
5.4 mm |
| Akrotiri (23 m, Cyprus) |
0.2 mm |
| Paphos (8 m, Cyprus) |
2.3 mm |
| Larnaca (2 m, Cyprus) |
2.2 mm |
| Famagusta (0 m, Cyprus) |
0.5 mm |
| Kastelli Airport (336 m, Greece) |
5.0 mm |
| Sitia Airport (28 m, Greece) |
4.0 mm |
| Lefkoniko (45 m, Cyprus) |
0.8 mm |
| Lefkoniko (58 m, Cyprus) |
0.3 mm |
| Trikomo (39 m, Cyprus) |
0.6 mm |
| Melilla (55 m, Spain) |
3.6 mm |
| Akdeniz (89 m, Cyprus) |
0.2 mm |
| Heraklion Airport (39 m, Greece) |
3.6 mm |
| Karavas (120 m, Turkey) |
0.6 mm |
| Kyrenia (10 m, Cyprus) |
0.8 mm |
| Chania Intl. Airport (149 m, Greece) |
9.3 mm |
| Lampedusa (20 m, Italy) |
12.0 mm |
| Gialousa (123 m, Turkey) |
1.6 mm |
| Rizokarpaso (136 m, Cyprus) |
0.2 mm |
| Gudja (78 m, Malta) |
19.4 mm |
| Ceuta (5 m, Spain) |
0.6 mm |
| Luqa/Malta (91 m, Malta) |
18.4 mm |
| Tarifa (37 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Anamur (4 m, Turkey) |
17.0 mm |
| Gibraltar (5 m, Gibraltar) |
0.4 mm |
| Kaş (153 m, Turkey) |
2.0 mm |
| Kythira (167 m, Greece) |
17.0 mm |
| Finike (2 m, Turkey) |
14.0 mm |
| Silifke (15 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Rhodes/Paradissi (11 m, Greece) |
21.0 mm |
| Estepona (15 m, Spain) |
1.0 mm |
| Alanya (6 m, Turkey) |
67.0 mm |
| İskenderun (4 m, Turkey) |
7.0 mm |
| Aygirgolu (100 m, Turkey) |
6.0 mm |
| Fethiye (3 m, Turkey) |
42.0 mm |
| Dalaman (5 m, Turkey) |
34.0 mm |
| Algiers/Dar-el-Beida AP (29 m, Algeria) |
28.0 mm |
| Kilis (638 m, Turkey) |
0.6 mm |
| Kos Airport (129 m, Greece) |
22.2 mm |
| Mersin (3 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Tunis/Carthage AP (4 m, Tunisia) |
5.8 mm |
| Methoni (34 m, Greece) |
8.0 mm |
| Marmaris (16 m, Turkey) |
129.0 mm |
| Muratpaşa (47 m, Turkey) |
82.0 mm |
| Antalya (64 m, Turkey) |
8.0 mm |
| Santa Maria (100 m, Portugal) |
1.2 mm |
| Adana Şakirpaşa Airport (20 m, Turkey) |
0.2 mm |
| Incirlik Air Base Airport (66 m, Turkey) |
0.5 mm |
| Paros (36 m, Greece) |
28.0 mm |
| Bodrum (26 m, Turkey) |
35.1 mm |
| Gaziantep (854 m, Turkey) |
2.9 mm |
| Gaziantep (701 m, Turkey) |
0.4 mm |
| Urfa (549 m, Turkey) |
4.2 mm |
| Osmaniye (94 m, Turkey) |
16.0 mm |
| Leros (11 m, Greece) |
64.0 mm |
| Muğla (646 m, Turkey) |
61.3 mm |
| Milas- Bodrum Airport (11 m, Turkey) |
35.0 mm |
| Syros (70 m, Greece) |
17.0 mm |
| Gap Meydan (822 m, Turkey) |
0.4 mm |
| Mykonos (123 m, Greece) |
18.0 mm |
| Catania/Fontanarosa (17 m, Italy) |
0.6 mm |
| Marash (433 m, Turkey) |
9.0 mm |
| Doña Mencía (650 m, Spain) |
0.1 mm |
| Enna (965 m, Italy) |
2.4 mm |
| Argos (14 m, Greece) |
1.7 mm |
| Beyşehir (1141 m, Turkey) |
17.0 mm |
| Burdur (967 m, Turkey) |
14.2 mm |
| Ponta Delgada (58 m, Portugal) |
2.1 mm |
| Isparta (997 m, Turkey) |
34.2 mm |
| Adıyaman (675 m, Turkey) |
16.0 mm |
| Denizli Cardak (851 m, Turkey) |
16.0 mm |
| Denizli (425 m, Turkey) |
28.1 mm |
| Suleyman Demirel (864 m, Turkey) |
10.0 mm |
| Aydın (56 m, Turkey) |
72.0 mm |
| Kuşadası (22 m, Turkey) |
76.9 mm |
| Batman (540 m, Turkey) |
4.0 mm |
| Diyarbakır (674 m, Turkey) |
6.0 mm |
| Elliniko Airport (15 m, Greece) |
0.6 mm |
| Andravida (14 m, Greece) |
11.5 mm |
| El Venizelos (72 m, Greece) |
7.6 mm |
| Trapani (14 m, Italy) |
16.4 mm |
| Siirt (896 m, Turkey) |
4.2 mm |
| Niğde (1210 m, Turkey) |
10.4 mm |
| Konya (1031 m, Turkey) |
5.2 mm |
| Reggio Calabria (21 m, Italy) |
8.0 mm |
| Elefsina Airport (31 m, Greece) |
8.0 mm |
| Tatoi Palace (235 m, Greece) |
3.8 mm |
| Falcone Borsellino Airport (21 m, Italy) |
13.0 mm |
| Messina (51 m, Italy) |
5.0 mm |
| İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport (120 m, Turkey) |
72.0 mm |
| Tulga Meydan (931 m, Turkey) |
2.5 mm |
| Akşehir (1002 m, Turkey) |
11.4 mm |
| Aksaray (961 m, Turkey) |
5.2 mm |
| İzmir (29 m, Turkey) |
73.0 mm |
| Malatya/Erhac (849 m, Turkey) |
6.2 mm |
| Van (1662 m, Turkey) |
12.0 mm |
| Bitlis (1785 m, Turkey) |
23.0 mm |
| Çiğli Air Base (5 m, Turkey) |
88.6 mm |
| Horta/Faial (41 m, Portugal) |
0.2 mm |
| Pico Airport (10 m, Portugal) |
4.0 mm |
| Salina (47 m, Italy) |
41.0 mm |
| Elazığ (881 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Manisa (71 m, Turkey) |
52.0 mm |
| Nevşehir (1260 m, Turkey) |
11.0 mm |
| Cihanbeyli (969 m, Turkey) |
12.8 mm |
| Angra do Heroísmo (76 m, Portugal) |
0.7 mm |
| Uşak Airport (874 m, Turkey) |
29.0 mm |
| Ustica (251 m, Italy) |
14.6 mm |
| Montijo (11 m, Portugal) |
0.1 mm |
| SERRALTA DI S. VITO (998 m, Italy) |
5.0 mm |
| São Jorge Airport (103 m, Portugal) |
30.4 mm |
| Afyonkarahisar (1034 m, Turkey) |
9.3 mm |
| Xàbia (15 m, Spain) |
14.0 mm |
| Lajes/Terceira (54 m, Portugal) |
2.9 mm |
| Erkilet Intl. Airport (1054 m, Turkey) |
8.0 mm |
| Ibiza/Es Codola (17 m, Spain) |
4.9 mm |
| Bingöl (1061 m, Turkey) |
90.0 mm |
| Lamia (14 m, Greece) |
0.4 mm |
| Lamezia Terme (15 m, Italy) |
2.0 mm |
| Akhisar (93 m, Turkey) |
68.1 mm |
| Preveza (4 m, Greece) |
4.1 mm |
| Skyros Airport (28 m, Greece) |
34.0 mm |
| Xàtiva (88 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Dikili (3 m, Turkey) |
124.0 mm |
| Mytilene (5 m, Greece) |
63.0 mm |
| Graciosa Aerodrome (31 m, Portugal) |
1.6 mm |
| Capo Carbonara (118 m, Italy) |
0.6 mm |
| Tunceli (981 m, Turkey) |
19.0 mm |
| Kırşehir (1007 m, Turkey) |
11.0 mm |
| Polinya (12 m, Spain) |
1.0 mm |
| Cagliari Elmas Airport (5 m, Italy) |
0.6 mm |
| Ayvalık (4 m, Turkey) |
62.0 mm |
| Decimomannu (28 m, Italy) |
0.8 mm |
| PORTO COLOM (17 m, Spain) |
11.8 mm |
| Kütahya (969 m, Turkey) |
12.1 mm |
| Flores (29 m, Portugal) |
1.7 mm |
| Palma de Mallorca (7 m, Spain) |
3.4 mm |
| Palma de Mallorca (6 m, Spain) |
3.6 mm |
| Edremit (13 m, Turkey) |
50.0 mm |
| Bonifati (485 m, Italy) |
2.2 mm |
| Mallorca-Son Bonet (41 m, Spain) |
7.6 mm |
| Corfu (4 m, Greece) |
17.3 mm |
| Balıkesir (102 m, Turkey) |
49.6 mm |
| Larissa National Airport (74 m, Greece) |
0.2 mm |
| Ioannina (483 m, Greece) |
2.0 mm |
| Corvo Airport (26 m, Portugal) |
2.7 mm |
| Capdepera (66 m, Spain) |
36.4 mm |
| SA POBLA SA CANOVA (40 m, Spain) |
16.2 mm |
| Erzincan (1154 m, Turkey) |
0.2 mm |
| Alfabia Mtn Range (1015 m, Spain) |
18.5 mm |
| Ağrı (1632 m, Turkey) |
4.2 mm |
| Soller (5 m, Spain) |
28.0 mm |
| Eskişehir Airport (786 m, Turkey) |
9.0 mm |
| LLUC (490 m, Spain) |
51.0 mm |
| Yozgat (1298 m, Turkey) |
13.6 mm |
| Kırıkkale (748 m, Turkey) |
3.0 mm |
| Mahón (86 m, Spain) |
3.9 mm |
| Sarandë (75 m, Albania) |
5.0 mm |
| Erzurum (1869 m, Turkey) |
5.2 mm |
| Lemnos Airport (4 m, Greece) |
24.0 mm |
| Iğdır (858 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Etimesgut Air Base (806 m, Turkey) |
1.8 mm |
| Guvercinlik (823 m, Turkey) |
2.6 mm |
| Capo Bellavista (150 m, Italy) |
2.0 mm |
| Ankara Central (891 m, Turkey) |
1.7 mm |
| Erzurum Airport (1758 m, Turkey) |
2.6 mm |
| Konitsa (466 m, Greece) |
0.1 mm |
| Mürted Airfield Command (843 m, Turkey) |
6.2 mm |
| Gjirokastër (194 m, Albania) |
1.0 mm |
| Ankara/Esenboga (959 m, Turkey) |
1.6 mm |
| Çanakkale (6 m, Turkey) |
23.0 mm |
| Bursa (100 m, Turkey) |
14.3 mm |
| Yenişehir Airport (238 m, Turkey) |
10.0 mm |
| Kozani (627 m, Greece) |
0.6 mm |
| Tokat (608 m, Turkey) |
1.7 mm |
| Bandırma (42 m, Turkey) |
4.8 mm |
| La Hoya (1960 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Kastoria Airport (604 m, Greece) |
0.1 mm |
| Vlorë (10 m, Albania) |
2.0 mm |
| Gümüşhane (1219 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Sazan (340 m, Albania) |
0.6 mm |
| Thessaloniki Airport (4 m, Greece) |
0.5 mm |
| Çorum (776 m, Turkey) |
5.2 mm |
| Capri (161 m, Italy) |
10.0 mm |
| Capo Caccia (204 m, Italy) |
9.7 mm |
| Çankırı (751 m, Turkey) |
3.5 mm |
| Kars (1795 m, Turkey) |
2.2 mm |
| Alghero (40 m, Italy) |
6.6 mm |
| Amasya (412 m, Turkey) |
7.4 mm |
| Yalova Airport (4 m, Turkey) |
7.3 mm |
| Brindisi/Casale (10 m, Italy) |
20.0 mm |
| Matera (498 m, Italy) |
1.2 mm |
| Bolu (743 m, Turkey) |
7.0 mm |
| İzmit (74 m, Turkey) |
14.2 mm |
| Gioia del Colle (350 m, Italy) |
5.8 mm |
| Adapazarı (30 m, Turkey) |
13.1 mm |
| Navacerrada (1888 m, Spain) |
3.4 mm |
| Florina (662 m, Greece) |
0.1 mm |
| Merzifon (536 m, Turkey) |
4.0 mm |
| Düzce (146 m, Turkey) |
14.0 mm |
| Alexandroupolis Airport (3 m, Greece) |
34.0 mm |
| Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station (70 m, Turkey) |
10.2 mm |
| Naples/Capodichino (90 m, Italy) |
0.8 mm |
| Istanbul / Sabiha Gokcen (95 m, Turkey) |
6.1 mm |
| Istanbul (18 m, Turkey) |
4.8 mm |
| Olbia (13 m, Italy) |
21.8 mm |
| Giresun (37 m, Turkey) |
1.8 mm |
| Ponza (185 m, Italy) |
19.7 mm |
| Istanbul (33 m, Turkey) |
1.5 mm |
| Ordu (4 m, Turkey) |
2.6 mm |
| Tekirdağ (3 m, Turkey) |
2.0 mm |
| Trabzon (34 m, Turkey) |
0.3 mm |
| Rize (9 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Trevico (1093 m, Italy) |
1.0 mm |
| Grazzanise (10 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Serres (35 m, Greece) |
3.2 mm |
| Akçakoca (10 m, Turkey) |
10.7 mm |
| Bari (12 m, Italy) |
18.2 mm |
| Bari/Palese Macchie (49 m, Italy) |
36.4 mm |
| Doxato (88 m, Greece) |
7.9 mm |
| Artvin (628 m, Turkey) |
4.0 mm |
| Topolčani (590 m, North Macedonia) |
1.1 mm |
| Karabük (485 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Carsamba/Samsun (7 m, Turkey) |
13.0 mm |
| Samsun (0 m, Turkey) |
17.0 mm |
| Durrës (12 m, Albania) |
7.0 mm |
| Prilep (674 m, North Macedonia) |
1.0 mm |
| Kastamonu (800 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Capo Pertusato (116 m, France) |
6.2 mm |
| Demir Kapija (126 m, North Macedonia) |
5.0 mm |
| Strumica (224 m, North Macedonia) |
5.0 mm |
| Zonguldak (137 m, Turkey) |
24.0 mm |
| Figari (23 m, France) |
1.0 mm |
| Amendola (60 m, Italy) |
19.2 mm |
| Sandanski (207 m, Bulgaria) |
7.3 mm |
| Campobasso (793 m, Italy) |
0.7 mm |
| Bartın (33 m, Turkey) |
21.0 mm |
| Kardzhali (331 m, Bulgaria) |
16.7 mm |
| Edirne (51 m, Turkey) |
13.0 mm |
| Peshkopi (653 m, Albania) |
1.0 mm |
| Monte Sant'Angelo (844 m, Italy) |
8.6 mm |
| Mavrovi Anovi (1240 m, North Macedonia) |
1.0 mm |
| Berovo (836 m, North Macedonia) |
5.0 mm |
| Kırklareli (230 m, Turkey) |
11.0 mm |
| Ciampino (105 m, Italy) |
6.0 mm |
| Pozharane (885 m, North Macedonia) |
2.4 mm |
| Fiumicino Airport (3 m, Italy) |
18.2 mm |
| Vieste (5 m, Italy) |
13.2 mm |
| Gjuriste (856 m, North Macedonia) |
3.0 mm |
| Solenzara (22 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport (9 m, France) |
6.0 mm |
| Palacios de la Sierra (80 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| İnebolu (64 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Termoli (44 m, Italy) |
3.4 mm |
| Tetovo (462 m, North Macedonia) |
1.0 mm |
| Sinop (Kap) (32 m, Turkey) |
4.0 mm |
| Shkodër (10 m, Albania) |
0.4 mm |
| Vigna Di Valle (266 m, Italy) |
3.0 mm |
| Kukës (354 m, Albania) |
1.8 mm |
| Musala (2927 m, Bulgaria) |
3.5 mm |
| Kriva Palanka (696 m, North Macedonia) |
5.0 mm |
| Burgos / Villafria (890 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Palagruža (97 m, Croatia) |
0.4 mm |
| San Giovanni Teatino (181 m, Italy) |
0.2 mm |
| Belorado (820 m, Spain) |
0.6 mm |
| Viterbo (308 m, Italy) |
0.8 mm |
| Burgas (28 m, Bulgaria) |
7.0 mm |
| Vranje (434 m, Serbia) |
2.3 mm |
| L'Île-Rousse (153 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Sofia (595 m, Bulgaria) |
4.2 mm |
| Sliven (257 m, Bulgaria) |
14.0 mm |
| Arties (1161 m, Spain) |
1.3 mm |
| Polientes (720 m, Spain) |
10.5 mm |
| Mourgash (1692 m, Bulgaria) |
4.0 mm |
| Cervera de Pisuerga (140 m, Spain) |
1.2 mm |
| Santiago de Compostela (240 m, Spain) |
0.1 mm |
| Vitoria-Gasteiz (510 m, Spain) |
2.9 mm |
| Santiago (367 m, Spain) |
0.3 mm |
| Finisterre (230 m, Spain) |
3.2 mm |
| PAJARES - VALGRANDE (480 m, Spain) |
52.0 mm |
| Leskovac (232 m, Serbia) |
8.4 mm |
| Nestares (870 m, Spain) |
18.3 mm |
| Saint-Girons (412 m, France) |
1.2 mm |
| Puerto Leitariegos (1530 m, Spain) |
2.6 mm |
| Dimitrovgrad (450 m, Serbia) |
9.5 mm |
| Puerto de san Isidro (1510 m, Spain) |
0.8 mm |
| Zumarraga (420 m, Spain) |
15.7 mm |
| Lugo/Rozas (446 m, Spain) |
8.0 mm |
| Irurita (183 m, Spain) |
2.8 mm |
| Lovech (221 m, Bulgaria) |
10.5 mm |
| Cape Vilan (50 m, Spain) |
5.3 mm |
| Tarbes/Ossun (364 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Güeñes (208 m, Spain) |
34.5 mm |
| Varna (43 m, Bulgaria) |
0.3 mm |
| Elgoibar (120 m, Spain) |
33.8 mm |
| Carcassonne (130 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Sjenica (1039 m, Serbia) |
1.3 mm |
| Kopaonik Mountain (1713 m, Serbia) |
1.5 mm |
| Zumaia (28 m, Spain) |
18.1 mm |
| San Sebastian / Igueldo (259 m, Spain) |
9.4 mm |
| Bilbao/Sondica (39 m, Spain) |
34.8 mm |
| Pau Pyrénées Airport (183 m, France) |
1.4 mm |
| Onton (34 m, Spain) |
18.0 mm |
| Niš (202 m, Serbia) |
5.7 mm |
| San Sebastian / Fuenterrabia (8 m, Spain) |
2.8 mm |
| Pljevlja (788 m, Montenegro) |
1.8 mm |
| Oviedo (339 m, Spain) |
43.2 mm |
| A Coruña (67 m, Spain) |
0.6 mm |
| San Vicente (40 m, Spain) |
14.7 mm |
| Santander / Parayas (1 m, Spain) |
28.1 mm |
| Llanes (10 m, Spain) |
34.4 mm |
| Muret - Lherm Aerodrome (190 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Biarritz/Anglet (71 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Santander (59 m, Spain) |
15.0 mm |
| Frontone (574 m, Italy) |
3.4 mm |
| Razgrad (347 m, Bulgaria) |
21.3 mm |
| Figueras Castropol (40 m, Spain) |
21.5 mm |
| Asturias/Aviles (130 m, Spain) |
19.0 mm |
| Kruševac (167 m, Serbia) |
8.0 mm |
| Cabo Busto (60 m, Spain) |
14.8 mm |
| Ancona/Falconara (10 m, Italy) |
14.4 mm |
| CABO PENAS (100 m, Spain) |
6.7 mm |
| Dax (33 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Aérodrome d'Auch (128 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Bjelašnica (2070 m, Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
3.5 mm |
| Zlatibor (1029 m, Serbia) |
2.5 mm |
| Morava Airport (209 m, Serbia) |
3.3 mm |
| Turnu Măgurele (0 m, Romania) |
31.3 mm |
| Punta de Estaca de Bares (80 m, Spain) |
5.4 mm |
| Bechet (37 m, Romania) |
7.4 mm |
| Mangalia (7 m, Romania) |
5.1 mm |
| Vidin (31 m, Bulgaria) |
14.0 mm |
| Požega (312 m, Serbia) |
1.5 mm |
| Sarajevo-Bjelave (638 m, Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
1.5 mm |
| Giurgiu (25 m, Romania) |
27.2 mm |
| Mont-de-Marsan (60 m, France) |
0.6 mm |
| Ćuprija (125 m, Serbia) |
13.1 mm |
| Alexandria (77 m, Romania) |
39.0 mm |
| Calafat (62 m, Romania) |
11.7 mm |
| Băileşti (58 m, Romania) |
15.1 mm |
| Montauban (108 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Kragujevac (185 m, Serbia) |
7.5 mm |
| Rimini (13 m, Italy) |
0.8 mm |
| Oltenița (16 m, Romania) |
26.0 mm |
| Adamclisi (159 m, Romania) |
18.0 mm |
| Caracal (107 m, Romania) |
28.0 mm |
| Roşiorii de Vede (103 m, Romania) |
35.0 mm |
| Crni Vrh Mountain (1039 m, Serbia) |
10.2 mm |
| Călăraşi (20 m, Romania) |
29.4 mm |
| Monte Cimone (2173 m, Italy) |
10.2 mm |
| Constanța (14 m, Romania) |
26.0 mm |
| Zenica (348 m, Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
3.7 mm |
| Cervia (10 m, Italy) |
0.6 mm |
| Negotin (44 m, Serbia) |
13.0 mm |
| Medgidia (71 m, Romania) |
17.6 mm |
| Videle (107 m, Romania) |
46.0 mm |
| Craiova (195 m, Romania) |
24.0 mm |
| Valjevo (177 m, Serbia) |
5.0 mm |
| Cernavodă (88 m, Romania) |
15.8 mm |
| Feteşti (0 m, Romania) |
20.0 mm |
| Smederevska Palanka (122 m, Serbia) |
12.9 mm |
| Bucharest (84 m, Romania) |
43.3 mm |
| Ai-Petri (1180 m, Ukraine) |
1.0 mm |
| Slatina (173 m, Romania) |
30.0 mm |
| Aurel Vlaicu Intl. Airport (91 m, Romania) |
43.1 mm |
North - South